What is High Blood Pressure?
What is High Blood Pressure?
Blood pressure is the force exerted by circulating blood on the walls of blood vessels. It’s measured using two numbers:
- Systolic pressure: This is the pressure when the heart beats while pumping blood.
- Diastolic pressure: This occurs when the heart is at rest between beats.
High blood pressure, or hypertension, is typically defined as having a systolic pressure above 130 mmHg or a diastolic pressure above 80 mmHg. Because it often shows no symptoms, the only way to know for sure is through regular blood pressure measurements.
Causes and Risk Factors
The development of high blood pressure can be due to many factors:
- Unhealthy diet
- Lack of physical activity
- Obesity
- Tobacco use
- Older age
- Genetics
- Underlying conditions such as diabetes and kidney disease
Health Consequences
High blood pressure can severely damage your health. It makes your heart and arteries work harder and less efficiently, leading to complications such as:
- Heart attack
- Heart failure
- Stroke
- Kidney disease
- Vision loss
Prevention and Management
Managing high blood pressure involves lifestyle changes and, often, medication. Key strategies include:
- Eating a heart-healthy diet low in salt and rich in fruits and vegetables
- Engaging in regular physical activity
- Maintaining a healthy weight
- Limiting alcohol consumption
- Avoiding smoking
- Managing stress
Disparities in Blood Pressure Control
Studies indicate significant variations in blood pressure control across different demographics and geographies, with non-Hispanic black adults often experiencing lower control rates than other groups.
Conclusion
High blood pressure is a widespread and serious health issue but can be managed effectively with proper care and lifestyle adjustments. Regular blood pressure checks and a comprehensive management plan are essential for leading a healthy, active life.
For More Information
Visit the CDC’s high blood pressure page and the FDA’s guide on high blood pressure.